TODO
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  • 11/28: finish phase 3 (CTA)
  • 11/29: finish phase 3 quiz by our lesson tomorrow
  • 11/29: memorize engine failure ABCDE (SOPs) and engine failure in flight by tomorrow
  • 12/12: finish phase 5 CTA
  • 12/2: finish phase 4 (CTA)
  • 12/13: finish Phase 4 quiz
  • 12/14: finish pre-solo quiz

1/22/2024
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Plan
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  • complete evaluative ground covering all items on the pre-solo progress check

1/19/2024
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  • reviewed VFR weather minimums and cruising altitudes
    • good job on both

Fuel Reserve Requirements
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  • you can find out how much fuel you actually need using the formula below

Performance Calculations
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  • formula to calculate pressure altitude:

Ground Trainer Practice
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Emergency Descent
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  • good job with the entry
  • watch out for over corrections to maintain your airspeed
    • you did well but remember to notice trends in your airspeed and make slight adjustments so you don't risk oscillating back and forth
  • in the recovery, make sure that you add normal cruise power

Engine Failure
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  • good job getting to the downwind to circle before extending out
  • remember that you want to only add flaps when you're above the airplanes glide path to make it to the runway
    • add flaps when your aiming point is moving down that is an indication that you need to add flaps. Otherwise, don't add flaps
    • we have a lot of options of how to increase drag and therefore our descent rate, including:
      • flaps
      • forward slip
      • S-turns
    • you can increase your descent rate, but you typically don't have a way to decrease it

1/17/2024
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  • good job with the passenger briefing
  • practice area frequency is 123.5
    • always set this if you're planning to use it before departure

Slow Flight (Landing Config.)
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  • if you're starting the maneuver at a lower airspeed (we started about 82KIAS) you won't have as much time to lower the flaps
  • good job looking outside
  • pay attention to decreasing your pitch during recovery so that you don't climb

Power-on Stall
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  • pick a reference point outside (preferably a cloud) to align yourself with using the rudders
    • this will help you maintain coordination throughout without looking at the turn coordinator

Steep Turns
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  • good job maintaining altitude and airspeed

Emergency Descent
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  • there is no need to continue with a bank angle if you're on the heading you want to be on
  • the bank is only used to counteract the negative g loading from establishing a descent

Engine Failure (Simulated)
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  • overall good job
  • just don't forget about a few things
    • squawk 7700 (include this when you are making your emergency call)
    • when getting to your landing spot (good job picking it out) make sure to circle in the downwind position
      • this will make it easier to extend out when reaching about 1,000 ft AGL and make it a somewhat normal landing

Landing
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  • GREAT DECISION TO GO AROUND!!
  • approach was great including the roundout
  • DON'T FORGET TO FLARE!!!!!!
    • everything else was perfect

1/15/2024
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VFR Weather Minimums
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  • good job on those, but continue to review until you know all of them

  • review short and soft field takeoff and landing SOPs

  • general review of items on the pre-solo progress check

  • review all items for our next flight and all items included on the oral and flight portion for the pre-solo progress check

    • let me know if you have any questions

1/12/2024
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VFR Weathered Minimums
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Airspace
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  • class D airspace is not identified by a shaded magenta region
    • this identifies where class E airspace switches from beginning at 1,200 ft AGL to 700 ft AGL
  • the magenta shaded areas will always represent changes in the floor of class E airspace
    • below that airspace is class G

Class G Airspace
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Pasted image 20240112073133.png
Pasted image 20240112073254.png

Engine Failure
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  • airspeed best field checklist memory items
    • point in the direction of your best landing option first and then worry about troubleshooting

Slow flight
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  • nice job, I can tell you've reviewed the SOPs
  • don't climb during the recovery, maintain your altitude

Power-off Stall
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  • good job

Position Reports
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  • make sure to include your altitude in the position report
  • you can use the HSI to determine location around lake apopka if you're not sure (you should mainly use visual references)

Spin Recovery
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  • the reason for reducing power to idle is to reduce the angle of attack

1/10/2024
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  • good job on flight school procedures

Inoperative Equipment
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  • remember that an item may be indicated as required as part of the CEL, but this does not mean the airplane is not airworthy if it is listed as not required for a certain operation in the KOEL

Wake Turbulence Avoidance
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Engine Failure
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  • good descriptions of actions during takeoff
  • remember to include your location in the emergency call because ATC might not know while broadcasting on 121.5

VFR Cruising Altitude
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VFR into IMC
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  • always turn around or go on a course to get out of the clouds
  • if you climbed into IMC conditions, descend down if you can to return below the clouds and vice versa if you descend into one
  • when you make it to VMC, always attempt to maintain it and not fly into another cloud or area of low visibility

Wind Shear Avoidance
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  • increase approach speed by half of the gust factor

Emergency Procedure
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  • good explanation for wing fire

  • review ATC light gun signals


1/6/2024
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  • reviewed and uploaded pre-solo quiz

Fueling
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  • remember that the bonding cable has to be connected to an unpainted metal surface
  • good note about the 100LL

VFR Weather Minimums
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VFR Cruising Altitudes
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Minimum Safe Altitudes
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  • good job

Right of Way Rules
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  • good job

Radio Failure
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  • remember that many airport lighting systems are pilot controlled so you cannot count on having a lit runway at night
  • you can attempt to use your cellphone in flight with a radio failure if you're at a low altitude and near a populated area with cell service
  • review light gun signals

Emergency Procedures
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  • review and memorize all memory items for emergency procedures (checklist)

Collision Avoidance
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  • good job

  • remember that we transition to cruise climb when crossing 1,000 ft AGL

  • look into what constitutes IFR or MVFR conditions at an airport


1/5/2024
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  • good job with flows
  • thank you for coming in early, I appreciate it
  • practiced takeoffs and landings (normal)
  • good job with airspeeds and pattern distances
  • don't forget about trim adjustments when adding flaps and on short final
  • allow the airplane to descend a little bit more before beginning the roundout
  • GO AROUND WHEN THE LANDING ISN'T WORKING OUT!!!

1/3/2024
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  • you need to come in better prepared for our lessons
    • this is non-negotiable
    • the items on the lesson must be reviewed and practiced prior
  • come in earlier for flights
    • this will give us much more useful time in the airplane
    • additionally, get TOLD / Weight and Balance done before coming in
  • make sure to load in flight plan before takeoff
  • REVIEW THE BRAVO AIRSPACE NEAR THE AIRPORT
  • slow flight
    • increase power (following guidance from SOPs)
    • review SOPs for both clean and landing configuration
  • power off stall
    • you can bring in 20/30 degrees of flaps below 85 KIAS, not 80
    • make "stall warning" and "stall" callout
    • be more aggressive setting pitch during the recovery so that you minimize loss of altitude
  • power on stall
    • you don't try to lose 100 feet of altitude before entering
    • add power and increase pitch at 55 KIAS
  • emergency descent
    • set bank angle first and allow the nose to come down

12/28/2023
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  • for next lesson
    • redo all circled questions on the pre-solo quiz
      • write neatly so that I can read it please
    • be ready to discuss required documents
    • be ready to explain each required inspection
    • be ready to explain how to determine if an airplane is airworthy with inoperative equipment
  • fueling
    • remember that the cable that is connected to an unpainted metal surface is known as the bonding OR grounding cable depending on the setup of the fuel system
  • right of way rules good job

Airspace
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Electrical System
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Airworthiness
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Required Documents
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  • acronym: ARROW
  • airworthiness certificate good job noting that it never expires
  • registration
    • this expires after 7 years (previously 3 years)
  • radio station license
    • remember that this is only required for international flights
  • operating handbook
    • POH
    • G1000 cockpit reference guide is required by POH good note on that
  • weight and balance good explanation for that

Required Inspections
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  • acronym: AV1ATES
  • review lesson linked above
  • the 100 hour inspection only needs to be completed when it is used for hire

Inoperative Equipment
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  • remember the acronym A TOMATO FLAMES FLAPS
  • our airplanes do not have MELs (minimum equipment lists)
    • these will be specific to aircraft and have to be approved by the FAA

12/27/2023
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  • review Bold Method: stall speed and bank angle article
  • review Bold Method: Spacial Disorientation
  • engine failure
    • DON'T forget about declaring an emergency
    • good job with checklist memory items
    • when you are coming in high, remember that you have methods of reducing altitude
      • bring in flaps early
      • forward slip
      • s turns on final approach
    • pay attention to the winds, you landed with a slight tailwind when you could have landed with a headwind
    • only do checklist items above 1000 ft AGL
  • emergency descent
    • bring power to idle when entering the maneuver
    • pitch for of 129 KIAS
    • once you reach your target airspeed, you can roll wings level when headed in the direction you want to go
  • go around
    • set pitch attitude, then begin bringing out flaps to increase climb performance
  • review slow flight SOPs
    • target airspeed in landing configuration is 50 KIAS
    • whatever the reason is for descending at the beginning of the maneuver, immediately correct for it
    • when you notice a deviation correct for it immediately
  • review spin recovery procedures
    • this isn't something you want to have to think about when in a spin, it should be automatic
  • power off stall
    • when setting climb attitude set flaps 20
    • don't pitch down so aggressively, our airspeed was getting very high during the recovery

12/26/2023
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  • reviewed pre-solo phase quiz
    • Review Bold Method Yellow Arc Article
    • review Airspeed Indicator Markings (POH 2-5)
    • review electrical system diagram UND electrical system
    • redo question about electrical system
    • redo question about scuba diving requirements
    • will review the rest of quiz during next ground session
  • review VFR fuel reserve requirements
  • MEMORIZE VFR WEATHER MINIMUMS my quizlet page
    • remember WHY VFR weather minimums exist
      • they are there to give adequate time to separate traffic
      • the purpose is to give you enough time to SEE AND AVOID other aircraft that could be coming out of the clouds
      • this is why class B airspace is only clear of clouds they are providing separation for all traffic in that airspace
  • review VFR cruising altitudes

12/13/2023
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  • review article: Bold Method: Class G airspace information and answer the following questions:

    • what is an area that would have class g airspace extending up to 14,500 ft in the United States?
    • what are the class G night VFR weather minimums
  • read AIM chapter 3-2 class B through E

  • review article: Bold Method: Types of Wind Shear

  • complete pre-solo quiz for tomorrow (12/14)

  • reviewed phase 4 quiz

    • make sure to read chapter 3 of the AIM
    • review student pilot limitations (no flight without visual reference to the surface)
    • phase 4 quiz uploaded to FSP by Nick
  • the only type of uncontrolled airspace that we have is class G

    • typically, G will extend up to 1,200 feet AGL
    • inside of the shaded magenta region class E will begin at 700 feet AGL
  • reviewed practice area locations

    • good job with those
  • introduced solo flight restrictions

    • required endorsements
    • required documents for student pilots
    • FAR 61.87
  • talked about CFIT

    • always fly your planned route and return to it if you are vectored off of it
  • Instrument maneuvers

    • approximately 15 degrees of bank is used because it will correspond with 3 degrees per second
    • reviewed hub and spoke model
  • wind shear

    • reviewed wind shear
    • remember to increase final approach speed by of the gust factor
      • gust factor is the difference between reported wind and reported gusts
    • discussed recovery techniques
    • DON'T land or fly into airports where wind shear is reported
  • discussed wake turbulence

  • systems and equipment malfunctions

    • verify that you are reading the correct checklist make sure that you are not doing the incorrect thing
    • review memory items for all emergency procedures
    • radio failure
      • squawk 7600 for a radio failure, NOT 7700
      • review light gun signals (can be found in foreflight drive)
    • good job with no flap landing
      • nice job remembering final approach speed is 70 kts

Previous Notes - Nickolas Almodovar
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andrehebra.github.io/student-notes/Students/Nick/Notes.html